What are 'microservices' in the context of cloud architecture?

In cloud architecture, microservices refer to an architectural style where applications are developed as small, independent services that are designed to perform specific functions. This allows different components of an application to be developed, deployed, and scaled independently of one another, fostering agility and flexibility. Each microservice typically runs in its own process and communicates with other services through well-defined APIs, which allows for greater modularity in application design.

This approach contrasts with monolithic architectures, where applications are built as single, cohesive units that can be more rigid and challenging to scale or maintain. By breaking down applications into smaller, focused services, teams can adopt different technologies and practices suited to each service's needs, enhancing overall performance and maintainability. Additionally, microservices support continuous deployment and integration, making it easier to update applications and improve the development workflow.

In essence, microservices capitalize on cloud environments to ensure scalability and fault tolerance, which can be particularly advantageous in modern development practices, such as DevOps and agile methodologies.